T stage:
T1: tumor ≤ 2cm with DOI ≤ 5mm
T2: tumor ≤ 2cm with DOI > 5mm or tumor > 2cm and ≤ 4cm with DOI ≤ 10mm
T3: tumor > 2cm and ≤ 4cm with DOI > 10mm or tumor > 4cm with DOI ≤ 10mm
T4a: moderately advanced local disease
tumor > 4 cm with DOI > 10 mm or tumor invades adjacent structures only (e.g., through cortical bone of the mandible or maxilla or involves the maxillary sinus or skin of the face)
Note: Superficial erosion of bone/tooth socket (alone) by a gingival primary is not sufficient to classify a tumor as T4."
T4b: very advanced local disease
tumor invades masticator space, pterygoids plates, or skull space and/or encases the internal carotid artery
p.s. DOI = depth of invasion, not tumor thickness
p.s. DOI為腫瘤侵犯深度,大家可以簡單思考一下就知道, 要準確知道DOI要靠病理(其實從影像上也可以大概判斷DOI(reference 5)),口腔癌大部份都會開刀,因此T的分期可能開刀前和開刀後不一樣
P.S. 上面的T4a 有提到corticol bone, 幫大家回憶一下組織學, 組織學裡面提到骨頭可以分成 compact(corticol) bone 和 trabecular bone, 下面是圖解:
外層的叫做corticol bone, 又叫做compact bone, 意指為質地比較緊密, 而內層叫做trabecular bone, 質地比較鬆散, 內部含有骨髓和血管
因為對於T4a的定義還是覺得有不清楚的地方, 因此去信詢問AJCC committee, 得到回應如下: corticol bone的erosion意指為看到骨頭表面有空掉的地方; 而corticol bone invasion 代表結構被破壞, 如果分期上有不清楚的地方, 以較低的分期為主
T 的部份可以用個簡表幫助記憶:
至於N的部分也是非常複雜,可以分成clinical和pathological
clinical N stage:
N1: 同側單顆, ≤ 3cm, ENE(-)
N2a: 同側單顆, >3cm, ≤ 6cm, ENE(-)
N2b: 同側多顆, ≤ 6cm, ENE(-)
N2c: 雙側或對側, ≤ 6cm, ENE(-)
N3a: >6cm, ENE(-)
N3b: 臨床上明顯有ENE(不能只靠影像,還要加上理學檢查支持)
P.S. ENE=extranodal extension
至於N的部分也是非常複雜,可以分成clinical和pathological
clinical N stage:
N1: 同側單顆, ≤ 3cm, ENE(-)
N2a: 同側單顆, >3cm, ≤ 6cm, ENE(-)
N2b: 同側多顆, ≤ 6cm, ENE(-)
N2c: 雙側或對側, ≤ 6cm, ENE(-)
N3a: >6cm, ENE(-)
N3b: 臨床上明顯有ENE(不能只靠影像,還要加上理學檢查支持)
P.S. ENE=extranodal extension
pathological N stage:
N1: 同側單顆, ≤ 3cm, ENE(-)
N2a: 同側單顆, ≤ 3cm, ENE(+) or 同側單顆, >3cm, ≤ 6cm, ENE(-)
N2b: 同側多顆, ≤ 6cm, ENE(-)
N2c: 雙側或對側, ≤ 6cm, ENE(-)
N3a: >6cm, ENE(-)
N3b: 同側單顆, > 3cm, ENE(+) or 多顆, ENE(+) or 對側單顆, ENE(+)
M:
M0: 沒有遠端轉移
M1: 有遠端轉移
prognostic stage:
N0
|
N1
|
N2
|
N3
|
|
T1
|
I
|
III
|
IVA
|
IVB
|
T2
|
II
|
III
|
IVA
|
IVB
|
T3
|
III
|
III
|
IVA
|
IVB
|
T4a
|
IVA
|
IVA
|
IVA
|
IVB
|
T4b
|
IVB
|
IVB
|
IVB
|
IVB
|
M1 => stage IVC
reference:
1. AJCC webiste
2. radiation oncology, a question-based review
3. Wheater's Functional Histology
4. Histology, a text and atlas
5. http://www.ajnr.org/content/ajnr/early/2018/08/30/ajnr.A5782.full.pdf
2. radiation oncology, a question-based review
3. Wheater's Functional Histology
4. Histology, a text and atlas
5. http://www.ajnr.org/content/ajnr/early/2018/08/30/ajnr.A5782.full.pdf
沒有留言:
張貼留言