腦瘤(brain tumor)的分類標準由WHO在2016年更新, 之前的分類方法只看組織學型態來做分類, 新版分期多考慮了基因和影像特徵
組織學特徵主要是看這四個: nuclear atypia, cellularity and mitosis, endothelial proliferation, necrosis
WHO grade I: no factors present
WHO grade II: atypia
WHO grade III: atypia, mitoses
WHO grade IV: endothelial proliferation or necrosis
先來看glioma 分類(grade I, II 被稱為low-grade glioma; grade III,IV 被稱為 high-grade glioma):
WHO grade I: pilocytic astrocytoma, subependymal giant cell tumor
WHO grade II: diffuse astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma with IDH mutant/1p19q co-deleted, oligostrocytoma
WHO grade III: anaplastic astrocytoma(AA), anaplastic olidendroglioma(AO), anaplastic oligoastrocytoma(AOA)
WHO grade IV: GBM
reference:
1. handbook of evidence-based radiation oncology
2. radiation oncology a question based review
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