要來學EUS判讀之前, 要先把食道癌的T stage 搞懂, AJCC 8 的食道癌T stage 如下:
Tis: high grade dysplasia => 惡性細胞還侷限在表皮(epithelium), 還沒吃破basement membrane
T1: 腫瘤吃到lamina propria, muscularis mucosae or submucosa
T1a: 腫瘤吃到lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
T1b: 腫瘤吃到submucosa
T2: 腫瘤吃到muscularis propria
T3: 腫瘤吃到adventitia
T4: 腫瘤吃到附近結構(adjacent structure)
T4a: 腫瘤吃到pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritonium
T4b: 腫瘤吃到其他附近結構, 例如 aorta, vertebral body or airway
影像上網路上的圖很多, 重點就是超音波在不同層之間會行成亮暗交錯的圖形, 如下圖:
reference:
1. uptodate; https://www.uptodate.com/contents/endoscopic-ultrasound-in-esophageal-carcinoma
2. NCCN guideline
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